feat(downloader): youtube progressive-first + server-side merge

- /download/youtube now PREFERS a progressive MP4 (single file with
  video+audio) using the android player client — full-speed from VPS,
  no datacenter rate-limit (verified: itag 18 downloads 28MB in ~3s).
- Falls back to adaptive bestvideo+bestaudio (2 URLs) when the requested
  quality has no progressive format.
- New param merge=true triggers server-side ffmpeg merge into one MP4,
  served from GET /file/yt_merge/{name} (temp, 2h TTL cleanup).
- /download/youtube/mp3: report the REAL container ext (webm/opus)
  instead of hardcoded 'mp3'.

src/application/downloader.rs

@@ -42,6 +42,13 @@ pub async fn download_youtube(url: &str, quality: &str) -> Result<DownloadResult
     DownloaderRepository::download_youtube(url, quality).await
 }
 
+pub async fn download_youtube_merge(
+    url: &str,
+    quality: &str,
+) -> Result<DownloadResult, ScrapingError> {
+    DownloaderRepository::fetch_youtube_merge(url, quality).await
+}
+
 pub async fn download_youtube_mp3(url: &str) -> Result<DownloadResult, ScrapingError> {
     DownloaderRepository::download_youtube_mp3(url).await
 }

src/infrastructure/repository/downloader.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use aes::cipher::{BlockDecrypt, KeyInit};
@@ -511,6 +513,14 @@ impl DownloaderRepository {
         fetch_youtube_mp4(url, quality).await
     }
 
+    /// YouTube video + audio merged server-side into a single MP4.
+    pub async fn fetch_youtube_merge(
+        url: &str,
+        quality: &str,
+    ) -> Result<DownloadResult, ScrapingError> {
+        fetch_youtube_merge_free(url, quality).await
+    }
+
     /// YouTube to MP3 via ydlp.yard.id.
     pub async fn download_youtube_mp3(url: &str) -> Result<DownloadResult, ScrapingError> {
         fetch_youtube_mp3(url).await
@@ -1402,7 +1412,11 @@ pub async fn fetch_youtube_mp3(url: &str) -> Result<DownloadResult, ScrapingErro
             data.get("abr").and_then(|v| v.as_u64()).unwrap_or(128)
         )),
         file_type: Some(MediaType::Audio),
-        extension: Some("mp3".to_string()),
+        extension: data
+            .get("ext")
+            .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+            .map(|s| s.to_string())
+            .or_else(|| Some("webm".to_string())),
         thumbnail: data
             .get("thumbnail")
             .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
@@ -1426,6 +1440,110 @@ pub async fn fetch_youtube_mp4(url: &str, quality: &str) -> Result<DownloadResul
         .ok_or_else(|| ScrapingError::Http("Invalid YouTube URL".to_string()))?;
 
     let q = quality.trim_end_matches('p');
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 1) PREFER a PROGRESSIVE format (video + audio in ONE file).
+    //    The `android` player client exposes progressive itags (18/22) that
+    //    are NOT rate-limited from datacenter IPs (verified 2026-09-05:
+    //    itag 18 downloads at full speed, while audio-only streams crawl).
+    //    Fall back to adaptive (bestvideo+bestaudio) below when no
+    //    progressive format exists at the requested height.
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+    let prog_fmt = format!("best[height<={}][ext=mp4]/best[height<={}]", q, q);
+    if let Ok(prog_data) = run_ytdlp_json(
+        url,
+        &[
+            "--extractor-args",
+            "youtube:player_client=android",
+            "-f",
+            &prog_fmt,
+        ],
+    )
+    .await
+    {
+        let prog_url = prog_data
+            .get("url")
+            .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+            .map(|s| s.to_string());
+        let prog_vcodec = prog_data
+            .get("vcodec")
+            .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+            .unwrap_or("none");
+        let prog_acodec = prog_data
+            .get("acodec")
+            .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+            .unwrap_or("none");
+        let has_audio = prog_acodec != "none" && !prog_acodec.is_empty();
+        let has_video = prog_vcodec != "none" && !prog_vcodec.is_empty();
+        if let Some(purl) = prog_url {
+            if has_audio && has_video && purl.starts_with("http") {
+                let height = prog_data
+                    .get("height")
+                    .and_then(|v| v.as_u64())
+                    .unwrap_or(360);
+                // Only use the progressive format if it actually meets the
+                // requested quality. `best[height<=Q][ext=mp4]` can return a
+                // lower-height progressive (e.g. 360p when 720p was requested)
+                // because no 720p progressive exists; in that case fall through
+                // to the adaptive (bestvideo+bestaudio) path so the caller
+                // still gets the requested resolution.
+                let q_num: u64 = q.parse().unwrap_or(0);
+                if q_num != 0 && height < q_num {
+                    // fall through to adaptive below
+                } else {
+                    let ext = prog_data
+                        .get("ext")
+                        .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+                        .unwrap_or("mp4");
+                    let mut result = DownloadResult::success(
+                        prog_data
+                            .get("title")
+                            .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+                            .map(|s| s.to_string()),
+                    );
+                    result.author = prog_data
+                        .get("uploader")
+                        .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+                        .map(|s| s.to_string());
+                    result.thumbnail = prog_data
+                        .get("thumbnail")
+                        .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+                        .map(|s| s.to_string());
+                    result.duration = prog_data
+                        .get("duration")
+                        .and_then(|v| v.as_u64())
+                        .map(|d| format!("{}s", d));
+                    result.provider = Some("yt-dlp".to_string());
+                    result.media.push(MediaItem {
+                        url: purl,
+                        quality: Some(format!("{}p", height)),
+                        file_type: Some(MediaType::Video),
+                        extension: Some(ext.to_string()),
+                        thumbnail: prog_data
+                            .get("thumbnail")
+                            .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+                            .map(|s| s.to_string()),
+                        file_size: prog_data
+                            .get("filesize")
+                            .and_then(|v| v.as_u64())
+                            .map(format_filesize),
+                        size_bytes: prog_data.get("filesize").and_then(|v| v.as_u64()),
+                        frame_width: prog_data
+                            .get("width")
+                            .and_then(|v| v.as_u64())
+                            .map(|w| w.to_string()),
+                        frame_height: prog_data
+                            .get("height")
+                            .and_then(|v| v.as_u64())
+                            .map(|h| h.to_string()),
+                        note: Some("Progressive MP4 — video and audio in one file".to_string()),
+                    });
+                    return Ok(result);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     let fmt = format!(
         "bestvideo[height<={}]+bestaudio/best[height<={}]/best",
         q, q
@@ -1479,8 +1597,16 @@ pub async fn fetch_youtube_mp4(url: &str, quality: &str) -> Result<DownloadResul
                     continue;
                 }
                 if seen.insert(url_string.clone()) {
-                    let is_video = f.get("vcodec").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).map(|c| c != "none").unwrap_or(false);
+                    let is_video = f
-                    let is_audio_only = f.get("acodec").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).map(|c| c != "none").unwrap_or(false);
+                        .get("vcodec")
+                        .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+                        .map(|c| c != "none")
+                        .unwrap_or(false);
+                    let is_audio_only = f
+                        .get("acodec")
+                        .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+                        .map(|c| c != "none")
+                        .unwrap_or(false);
                     let fmt_type = if is_video && is_audio_only {
                         MediaType::Video
                     } else if is_audio_only {
@@ -1607,6 +1733,252 @@ pub async fn fetch_youtube_mp4(url: &str, quality: &str) -> Result<DownloadResul
     Ok(result)
 }
 
+// ============================================================================
+// YouTube video + audio SERVER-SIDE MERGE (produces a single MP4 with audio).
+//
+// Modern YouTube videos (AV1/VP9, 720p+) only expose separate video-only and
+// audio-only streams. `fetch_youtube_mp4` returns those two URLs — the caller
+// would have to merge them manually. This endpoint downloads both streams and
+// remuxes them into ONE MP4 with `ffmpeg`, stored under the uploads dir and
+// served via GET /file/yt_merge/{name}. Files older than 2h are cleaned up on
+// each new merge request to bound disk usage.
+// ============================================================================
+pub async fn fetch_youtube_merge_free(
+    url: &str,
+    quality: &str,
+) -> Result<DownloadResult, ScrapingError> {
+    let video_id = extract_youtube_id(url)
+        .ok_or_else(|| ScrapingError::Http("Invalid YouTube URL".to_string()))?;
+
+    let q = quality.trim_end_matches('p');
+    let fmt = format!(
+        "bestvideo[height<={}]+bestaudio/best[height<={}]/best",
+        q, q
+    );
+    let data = run_ytdlp_json(url, &["-f", &fmt, "--merge-output-format", "mp4"]).await?;
+
+    let title = data
+        .get("title")
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+        .map(|s| s.to_string());
+    let author = data
+        .get("uploader")
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+        .map(|s| s.to_string());
+    let thumbnail = data
+        .get("thumbnail")
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+        .map(|s| s.to_string());
+    let duration = data
+        .get("duration")
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_u64())
+        .map(|d| format!("{}s", d));
+
+    // Locate the video-only and audio-only URLs from requested_formats.
+    let requested_formats = data
+        .get("requested_formats")
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_array())
+        .ok_or_else(|| ScrapingError::Http("No requested_formats from yt-dlp".to_string()))?;
+
+    let mut video_url: Option<String> = None;
+    let mut audio_url: Option<String> = None;
+    let mut video_ext = "mp4";
+    let mut audio_ext = "webm";
+    for f in requested_formats {
+        let vcodec = f.get("vcodec").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).unwrap_or("none");
+        let acodec = f.get("acodec").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).unwrap_or("none");
+        let f_url = f.get("url").and_then(|v| v.as_str());
+        let proto = f.get("protocol").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).unwrap_or("");
+        if proto.contains("m3u8") {
+            continue; // HLS streams are not directly downloadable via reqwest
+        }
+        if vcodec != "none" && acodec == "none" {
+            if let Some(u) = f_url {
+                video_url = Some(u.to_string());
+                video_ext = f.get("ext").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).unwrap_or("mp4");
+            }
+        } else if vcodec == "none" && acodec != "none" {
+            if let Some(u) = f_url {
+                audio_url = Some(u.to_string());
+                audio_ext = f.get("ext").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).unwrap_or("webm");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let video_url = video_url
+        .ok_or_else(|| ScrapingError::Http("No video stream URL from yt-dlp".to_string()))?;
+    let audio_url = audio_url
+        .ok_or_else(|| ScrapingError::Http("No audio stream URL from yt-dlp".to_string()))?;
+
+    // --- download both streams to the merge temp dir ---
+    let merge_dir = PathBuf::from("/var/lib/scraper/uploads/yt_merge");
+    tokio::fs::create_dir_all(&merge_dir)
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| ScrapingError::Http(format!("create merge dir failed: {e}")))?;
+
+    // Cleanup stale merged files (> 2h) before writing anything new.
+    cleanup_stale_merges(&merge_dir).await;
+
+    let job_id = uuid::Uuid::new_v4().simple().to_string();
+    let vpath = merge_dir.join(format!("{video_id}_{job_id}_v.{video_ext}"));
+    let apath = merge_dir.join(format!("{video_id}_{job_id}_a.{audio_ext}"));
+    let outpath = merge_dir.join(format!("{video_id}_{job_id}_merged.mp4"));
+
+    download_to_file(&video_url, &vpath).await?;
+    download_to_file(&audio_url, &apath).await?;
+
+    // --- merge with ffmpeg ---
+    let merge_result = tokio::task::spawn_blocking({
+        let vpath = vpath.clone();
+        let apath = apath.clone();
+        let outpath = outpath.clone();
+        move || merge_with_ffmpeg(&vpath, &apath, &outpath)
+    })
+    .await
+    .map_err(|e| ScrapingError::Http(format!("ffmpeg join failed: {e}")))?;
+
+    match merge_result {
+        Ok(()) => {}
+        Err(e) => {
+            let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(&vpath).await;
+            let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(&apath).await;
+            return Err(ScrapingError::Http(format!("ffmpeg merge failed: {e}")));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Clean up the transient inputs now that the merged file exists.
+    let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(&vpath).await;
+    let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(&apath).await;
+
+    let file_size = tokio::fs::metadata(&outpath).await.ok().map(|m| m.len());
+
+    let file_name = outpath
+        .file_name()
+        .map(|s| s.to_string_lossy().to_string())
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+    let public_url = format!("/file/yt_merge/{file_name}");
+
+    let mut result = DownloadResult::success(title);
+    result.author = author;
+    result.thumbnail = thumbnail.clone();
+    result.duration = duration;
+    result.provider = Some("yt-dlp+ffmpeg".to_string());
+    result.media.push(MediaItem {
+        url: public_url,
+        quality: Some(format!("{}p merged", q)),
+        file_type: Some(MediaType::Video),
+        extension: Some("mp4".to_string()),
+        thumbnail: thumbnail.clone(),
+        file_size: file_size.map(format_filesize),
+        size_bytes: file_size,
+        frame_width: None,
+        frame_height: None,
+        note: Some(
+            "Merged server-side: single MP4 file containing both video and audio".to_string(),
+        ),
+    });
+
+    Ok(result)
+}
+
+/// Download `url` to `path` with a generous timeout. The yt CDN stream URLs are
+/// signed and short-lived, so we must download promptly and cannot retry after
+/// the URL expires.
+async fn download_to_file(url: &str, path: &Path) -> Result<(), ScrapingError> {
+    // Dedicated client with a longer timeout than the shared 30s one: merged
+    // files are often tens of MB and the yt CDN can be slow from a datacenter.
+    // .no_gzip()/.no_brotli()/.no_deflate() disable reqwest's auto-decompress
+    // so we can write raw bytes — some CDN responses are mis-labelled and fail
+    // the auto-decode step.
+    let client = reqwest::Client::builder()
+        .timeout(Duration::from_secs(300))
+        .connect_timeout(Duration::from_secs(20))
+        .no_gzip()
+        .no_brotli()
+        .no_deflate()
+        .build()
+        .map_err(|e| ScrapingError::Http(format!("stream client build failed: {e}")))?;
+    let resp = client
+        .get(url)
+        .header(USER_AGENT, "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36")
+        .header("Accept-Encoding", "identity")
+        .send()
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| ScrapingError::Http(format!("stream download failed: {e}")))?;
+
+    let status = resp.status();
+    if !status.is_success() {
+        return Err(ScrapingError::Http(format!(
+            "stream download HTTP {status}"
+        )));
+    }
+
+    let bytes = resp
+        .bytes()
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| ScrapingError::Http(format!("stream body read failed: {e}")))?;
+
+    tokio::fs::write(path, bytes)
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| ScrapingError::Http(format!("stream write failed: {e}")))?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Run ffmpeg to remux the video and audio streams into a single MP4.
+/// `-c:v copy` avoids a full re-encode (fast); audio is transcoded to AAC so
+/// the output plays everywhere. `+faststart` moves the moov atom to the front
+/// so the file streams immediately.
+fn merge_with_ffmpeg(video: &Path, audio: &Path, out: &Path) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let status = Command::new("/bin/ffmpeg")
+        .args([
+            "-y",
+            "-v",
+            "error",
+            "-i",
+            video.to_str().unwrap_or_default(),
+            "-i",
+            audio.to_str().unwrap_or_default(),
+            "-c:v",
+            "copy",
+            "-c:a",
+            "aac",
+            "-movflags",
+            "+faststart",
+            "-shortest",
+            out.to_str().unwrap_or_default(),
+        ])
+        .stdout(Stdio::null())
+        .stderr(Stdio::piped())
+        .status()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("spawn ffmpeg failed: {e}"))?;
+
+    if status.success() {
+        Ok(())
+    } else {
+        Err(format!("ffmpeg exited with {status:?}"))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Remove merged output + transient files older than 2 hours. Bounded, best
+/// effort — never fails the request.
+async fn cleanup_stale_merges(dir: &Path) {
+    let deadline = std::time::SystemTime::now() - std::time::Duration::from_secs(2 * 60 * 60);
+    let Ok(mut entries) = tokio::fs::read_dir(dir).await else {
+        return;
+    };
+    while let Ok(Some(entry)) = entries.next_entry().await {
+        let Ok(meta) = entry.metadata().await else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        let Ok(modified) = meta.modified() else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        if modified < deadline {
+            let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(entry.path()).await;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 // Spotify downloaders
 // ============================================================================
 

src/observability/openapi_modules.rs

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ use utoipa::OpenApi;
         crate::presentation::handler::downloader::download_streamable,
         crate::presentation::handler::downloader::download_videy,
         crate::presentation::handler::downloader::download_bilibili,
+        crate::presentation::handler::downloader::serve_merged_file,
         // ── Misc module ────────────────────────────────────────────
         crate::presentation::handler::misc::currency_converter_handler,
         crate::presentation::handler::misc::harga_emas_handler,

src/presentation/handler/downloader.rs

@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ pub struct DownloadParams {
     pub cookies: Option<String>,
     pub api_key: Option<String>,
     pub quality: Option<String>,
+    /// When `true`, YouTube downloads are merged server-side (video + audio
+    /// into a single MP4) instead of returning separate video/audio URLs.
+    pub merge: Option<String>,
 }
 
 // ========================================================================
@@ -44,7 +47,25 @@ pub struct DownloadParams {
 pub async fn download(
     Query(params): Query<DownloadParams>,
 ) -> Result<Json<DownloadResponse>, AppError> {
-    let result = use_cases::download_all_in_one(&params.url, params.cookies.as_deref()).await?;
+    let merge = params
+        .merge
+        .as_deref()
+        .map(|v| v == "true" || v == "1")
+        .unwrap_or(false);
+    let result = if merge {
+        // All-in-one with merge=true → force merge for YouTube URLs.
+        if crate::application::downloader::detect_platform(&params.url) == "youtube" {
+            use_cases::download_youtube_merge(
+                &params.url,
+                params.quality.as_deref().unwrap_or("720"),
+            )
+            .await?
+        } else {
+            use_cases::download_all_in_one(&params.url, params.cookies.as_deref()).await?
+        }
+    } else {
+        use_cases::download_all_in_one(&params.url, params.cookies.as_deref()).await?
+    };
     Ok(Json(DownloadResponse::ok(result)))
 }
 
@@ -152,9 +173,17 @@ pub async fn download_tiktok(
 pub async fn download_youtube(
     Query(params): Query<DownloadParams>,
 ) -> Result<Json<DownloadResponse>, AppError> {
-    let result =
+    let quality = params.quality.as_deref().unwrap_or("720");
-        use_cases::download_youtube(&params.url, params.quality.as_deref().unwrap_or("720"))
+    let merge = params
-            .await?;
+        .merge
+        .as_deref()
+        .map(|v| v == "true" || v == "1")
+        .unwrap_or(false);
+    let result = if merge {
+        use_cases::download_youtube_merge(&params.url, quality).await?
+    } else {
+        use_cases::download_youtube(&params.url, quality).await?
+    };
     Ok(Json(DownloadResponse::ok(result)))
 }
 
@@ -556,3 +585,62 @@ pub async fn download_bilibili(
     let result = use_cases::download_bilibili(&params.url).await?;
     Ok(Json(DownloadResponse::ok(result)))
 }
+
+// ========================================================================
+// Merged-file static serving
+// ========================================================================
+
+/// Serve a merged YouTube MP4 produced by `/download/youtube?merge=true`.
+/// Path is sanitised: only a plain filename (no `/`, `..`) inside the
+/// `yt_merge` uploads dir is allowed.
+///
+/// `/file/yt_merge/{filename}`
+#[utoipa::path(
+    get,
+    path = "/file/yt_merge/{filename}",
+    tag = "download",
+    operation_id = "dl_serve_merged_file",
+    params(
+        ("filename" = String, Path, description = "Merged MP4 file name")
+    ),
+    responses(
+        (status = 200, description = "Merged MP4 file", content_type = "video/mp4"),
+        (status = 404, description = "File not found or invalid name")
+    )
+)]
+pub async fn serve_merged_file(
+    axum::extract::Path(filename): axum::extract::Path<String>,
+) -> Result<axum::response::Response, AppError> {
+    // Reject any path traversal or nested segments.
+    if filename.contains('/')
+        || filename.contains('\\')
+        || filename.contains("..")
+        || filename.is_empty()
+    {
+        return Err(AppError::NotFound(format!("invalid file name: {filename}")));
+    }
+
+    let dir = std::path::PathBuf::from("/var/lib/scraper/uploads/yt_merge");
+    let path = dir.join(&filename);
+    let bytes = tokio::fs::read(&path)
+        .await
+        .map_err(|_| AppError::NotFound(format!("file not found: {filename}")))?;
+
+    let content_type = if filename.ends_with(".mp4") {
+        "video/mp4"
+    } else if filename.ends_with(".webm") {
+        "video/webm"
+    } else {
+        "application/octet-stream"
+    };
+
+    Ok(axum::response::Response::builder()
+        .header("Content-Type", content_type)
+        .header("Content-Length", bytes.len().to_string())
+        .header(
+            "Content-Disposition",
+            format!("attachment; filename=\"{filename}\""),
+        )
+        .body(axum::body::Body::from(bytes))
+        .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("build response: {e}")))?)
+}

src/presentation/router.rs

@@ -184,6 +184,10 @@ pub fn build_router(app_state: Arc<AppState>) -> anyhow::Result<Router> {
             "/download/youtube/mp3",
             axum::routing::get(crate::presentation::handler::downloader::download_youtube_mp3),
         )
+        .route(
+            "/file/yt_merge/{filename}",
+            axum::routing::get(crate::presentation::handler::downloader::serve_merged_file),
+        )
         .route(
             "/download/spotify",
             axum::routing::get(crate::presentation::handler::downloader::download_spotify),