feat: Enhance hackathon submission and participant management

- Updated HackathonSubmissionsSchema to use Option types for team_id, project_name, description, technologies, submission_status, and submitted_at.
- Modified seed_hackathons and seed_test_submission scripts to accommodate new optional fields.
- Added routes for participant registration and listing in hackathon_controller.
- Implemented register_participant and list_participants functions in hackathon_controller.
- Introduced HackathonParticipantSchema and corresponding DTOs for participant management.
- Enhanced HackathonRepository with CRUD operations for hackathon participants.
- Updated HackathonService to include methods for participant registration and listing.
- Refactored TeamsService to allow admin-level updates and invitations, bypassing leader-only restrictions.
- Added validation for member emails in TeamsCreateRequestDto and TeamInviteRequestDto.

imphnen-backend/src/bin/seed_hackathons.rs

@@ -334,15 +334,15 @@ async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
             id: Thing::from(("app_hackathon_submissions", submission_id.as_str())),
             hackathon_id: Thing::from(("app_hackathons", hackathon_id)),
             judge_feedback: None,
-            team_id: Thing::from(("app_teams", team_id)),
-            project_name: project_name.into(),
-            description: description.into(),
+            team_id: Some(Thing::from(("app_teams", team_id))),
+            project_name: Some(project_name.into()),
+            description: Some(description.into()),
             repository_url,
             demo_url,
             slides_url,
-            technologies,
-            submission_status,
-            submitted_at: DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(submitted_at)?.with_timezone(&Utc),
+            technologies: Some(technologies),
+            submission_status: Some(submission_status),
+            submitted_at: Some(DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(submitted_at)?.with_timezone(&Utc)),
             is_deleted: false,
             created_at: Some(get_iso_date()),
             updated_at: Some(get_iso_date()),

imphnen-backend/src/bin/seed_test_submission.rs

@@ -334,16 +334,16 @@ async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
         let submission = HackathonSubmissionsSchema {
             id: Thing::from(("app_hackathon_submissions", submission_id.as_str())),
             hackathon_id: Thing::from(("app_hackathons", hackathon_id)),
-            team_id: Thing::from(("app_teams", team_id)),
-            project_name: project_name.into(),
-            description: description.into(),
+            team_id: Some(Thing::from(("app_teams", team_id))),
+            project_name: Some(project_name.into()),
+            description: Some(description.into()),
             repository_url,
             demo_url,
             slides_url,
-            technologies,
-            submission_status,
+            technologies: Some(technologies),
+            submission_status: Some(submission_status),
             judge_feedback: None,
-            submitted_at: DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(submitted_at)?.with_timezone(&Utc),
+            submitted_at: Some(DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(submitted_at)?.with_timezone(&Utc)),
             is_deleted: false,
             created_at: Some(get_iso_date()),
             updated_at: Some(get_iso_date()),

imphnen-hackathon/src/v1/hackathon/hackathon_controller.rs

@@ -648,4 +648,39 @@ pub fn hackathon_routes() -> Router {
         .route("/submissions/{id}", put(update_hackathon_submission))
         .route("/submissions/{id}/submit", post(submit_hackathon_submission))
         .route("/submissions/{id}", delete(delete_hackathon_submission))
+    // Participants
+    .route("/{id}/participants", post(register_participant))
+    .route("/{id}/participants", get(list_participants))
+}
+
+use super::hackathon_dto::RegisterParticipantRequestDto;
+
+// Register a participant for a hackathon (persistent)
+pub async fn register_participant(
+    Extension(state): Extension<AppState>,
+    Path(hackathon_id): Path<String>,
+    Json(payload): Json<RegisterParticipantRequestDto>,
+) -> impl IntoResponse {
+    match HackathonService::register_participant(hackathon_id, payload, &state).await {
+        Ok(response) => {
+            let body = serde_json::json!({ "message": "Participant registered", "data": response.data });
+            (axum::http::StatusCode::OK, Json(body)).into_response()
+        }
+        Err(error) => (StatusCode::from_u16(error.status).unwrap(), Json(error)).into_response(),
+    }
+}
+
+// List participants for a hackathon
+pub async fn list_participants(
+    Extension(state): Extension<AppState>,
+    Path(hackathon_id): Path<String>,
+    Query(meta): Query<imphnen_libs::MetaRequestDto>,
+) -> impl IntoResponse {
+    match HackathonService::list_participants(meta, hackathon_id, &state).await {
+        Ok(response) => {
+            let body = serde_json::json!({ "message": "Success", "data": response.data, "meta": response.meta });
+            (axum::http::StatusCode::OK, Json(body)).into_response()
+        }
+        Err(error) => (StatusCode::from_u16(error.status).unwrap(), Json(error)).into_response(),
+    }
 }

imphnen-hackathon/src/v1/hackathon/hackathon_dto.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use crate::v1::hackathon::hackathon_schema::{
     HackathonEventType, HackathonEventsSchema, HackathonPhase, HackathonSchema,
     HackathonStatus, HackathonSubmissionsSchema, HackathonTimelineSchema,
     SubmissionStatus,
+    HackathonParticipantSchema,
 };
 
 // Hackathon DTOs
@@ -410,16 +411,46 @@ impl From<HackathonSubmissionsSchema> for HackathonSubmissionDto {
         Self {
             id: schema.id.id.to_raw(),
             hackathon_id: schema.hackathon_id.id.to_raw(),
-            team_id: schema.team_id.id.to_raw(),
-            project_name: schema.project_name,
-            description: schema.description,
+            team_id: schema.team_id.map(|t| t.id.to_raw()).unwrap_or_default(),
+            project_name: schema.project_name.unwrap_or_default(),
+            description: schema.description.unwrap_or_default(),
             repository_url: schema.repository_url,
             demo_url: schema.demo_url,
             slides_url: schema.slides_url,
-            technologies: schema.technologies,
-            submission_status: schema.submission_status,
+            technologies: schema.technologies.unwrap_or_default(),
+            submission_status: schema.submission_status.unwrap_or(super::hackathon_schema::SubmissionStatus::Draft),
             judge_feedback: schema.judge_feedback,
-            submitted_at: schema.submitted_at,
+            submitted_at: schema.submitted_at.unwrap_or(chrono::Utc::now()),
+            is_deleted: schema.is_deleted,
+            created_at: schema.created_at,
+            updated_at: schema.updated_at,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Hackathon Participant DTOs
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, ToSchema, Validate)]
+pub struct RegisterParticipantRequestDto {
+    #[validate(length(min = 1, message = "user_id cannot be empty"))]
+    pub user_id: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, ToSchema)]
+pub struct HackathonParticipantDto {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub hackathon_id: String,
+    pub user_id: String,
+    pub is_deleted: bool,
+    pub created_at: Option<String>,
+    pub updated_at: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl From<HackathonParticipantSchema> for HackathonParticipantDto {
+    fn from(schema: HackathonParticipantSchema) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: schema.id.id.to_raw(),
+            hackathon_id: schema.hackathon_id.id.to_raw(),
+            user_id: schema.user_id,
             is_deleted: schema.is_deleted,
             created_at: schema.created_at,
             updated_at: schema.updated_at,

imphnen-hackathon/src/v1/hackathon/hackathon_repository.rs

@@ -524,16 +524,16 @@ impl<'a> HackathonRepository<'a> {
         let schema = HackathonSubmissionsSchema {
             id: Thing::from((table.clone(), id.clone())),
             hackathon_id: Thing::from(("app_hackathons".to_string(), normalized_hackathon_id)),
-            team_id: Thing::from(("app_teams".to_string(), normalized_team_id)),
-            project_name: submission.project_name,
-            description: submission.description,
+            team_id: Some(Thing::from(("app_teams".to_string(), normalized_team_id))),
+            project_name: Some(submission.project_name),
+            description: Some(submission.description),
             repository_url: submission.repository_url,
             demo_url: submission.demo_url,
             slides_url: submission.slides_url,
-            technologies: submission.technologies,
-            submission_status: super::hackathon_schema::SubmissionStatus::Draft,
+            technologies: Some(submission.technologies),
+            submission_status: Some(super::hackathon_schema::SubmissionStatus::Draft),
             judge_feedback: None,
-            submitted_at: chrono::Utc::now(),
+            submitted_at: Some(chrono::Utc::now()),
             is_deleted: false,
             created_at: Some(get_iso_date()),
             updated_at: Some(get_iso_date()),
@@ -560,6 +560,12 @@ impl<'a> HackathonRepository<'a> {
 
         let builder = QueryListBuilder::new(&self.state.surrealdb_ws, &table, &meta)
             .with_condition("is_deleted = false")
+            // Some stray records (from earlier bugs) may lack team_id; ensure we only fetch proper submissions
+            .with_condition("team_id IS NOT NULL")
+            // Ensure required string fields exist to prevent deserialization errors
+            .with_condition("project_name IS NOT NULL")
+            .with_condition("description IS NOT NULL")
+            .with_condition("technologies IS NOT NULL")
             .with_condition(&format!("hackathon_id = type::thing('app_hackathons', '{}')", normalized_hackathon_id))
             .search_field("project_name")
             .select_fields(vec!["*"]);
@@ -578,6 +584,12 @@ impl<'a> HackathonRepository<'a> {
 
         let builder = QueryListBuilder::new(&self.state.surrealdb_ws, &table, &meta)
             .with_condition("is_deleted = false")
+            // Ensure we don't deserialize records without a team_id
+            .with_condition("team_id IS NOT NULL")
+            // Ensure required string fields exist to prevent deserialization errors
+            .with_condition("project_name IS NOT NULL")
+            .with_condition("description IS NOT NULL")
+            .with_condition("technologies IS NOT NULL")
             .with_condition(&format!("team_id = type::thing('app_teams', '{}')", normalized_team_id))
             .search_field("project_name")
             .select_fields(vec!["*"]);
@@ -598,7 +610,7 @@ impl<'a> HackathonRepository<'a> {
             bail!("Submission not found");
         }
 
-        existing.submission_status = status;
+    existing.submission_status = Some(status);
         existing.judge_feedback = feedback;
         existing.updated_at = Some(get_iso_date());
 
@@ -627,10 +639,10 @@ impl<'a> HackathonRepository<'a> {
 
         // Apply updates
         if let Some(project_name) = updates.project_name {
-            existing.project_name = project_name;
+            existing.project_name = Some(project_name);
         }
         if let Some(description) = updates.description {
-            existing.description = description;
+            existing.description = Some(description);
         }
         if let Some(repository_url) = updates.repository_url {
             existing.repository_url = Some(repository_url);
@@ -642,7 +654,7 @@ impl<'a> HackathonRepository<'a> {
             existing.slides_url = Some(slides_url);
         }
         if let Some(technologies) = updates.technologies {
-            existing.technologies = technologies;
+            existing.technologies = Some(technologies);
         }
 
         existing.updated_at = Some(get_iso_date());
@@ -693,8 +705,8 @@ impl<'a> HackathonRepository<'a> {
             bail!("Submission not found");
         }
 
-        existing.submission_status = super::hackathon_schema::SubmissionStatus::Submitted;
-        existing.submitted_at = chrono::Utc::now();
+    existing.submission_status = Some(super::hackathon_schema::SubmissionStatus::Submitted);
+    existing.submitted_at = Some(chrono::Utc::now());
         existing.updated_at = Some(get_iso_date());
 
         info!(query = %format!("UPDATE {} SET submission_status = 'Submitted' WHERE id = '{}'", table, id), "Executing SurrealDB query");
@@ -748,4 +760,54 @@ impl<'a> HackathonRepository<'a> {
 
         Ok(timeline)
     }
+}
+
+// Hackathon Participants CRUD operations
+impl<'a> HackathonRepository<'a> {
+    #[instrument(skip(self, hackathon_id, user_id), err)]
+    pub async fn create_hackathon_participant(&self, hackathon_id: String, user_id: String) -> Result<super::hackathon_schema::HackathonParticipantSchema> {
+        // Use the dedicated participants table to avoid polluting submissions
+        let table = "app_hackathon_participants".to_string();
+        let id = surrealdb::Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
+
+        let normalized_hackathon_id = self.normalize_id("app_hackathons", &hackathon_id);
+
+        let schema = super::hackathon_schema::HackathonParticipantSchema {
+            id: Thing::from((table.clone(), id.clone())),
+            hackathon_id: Thing::from(("app_hackathons".to_string(), normalized_hackathon_id)),
+            user_id,
+            is_deleted: false,
+            created_at: Some(get_iso_date()),
+            updated_at: Some(get_iso_date()),
+        };
+
+        info!(query = %format!("CREATE {}:{}", table, id), "Executing SurrealDB query");
+        let record: Option<super::hackathon_schema::HackathonParticipantSchema> = self
+            .state
+            .surrealdb_ws
+            .create((table, id))
+            .content(schema.clone())
+            .await?;
+
+        match record {
+            Some(p) => Ok(p),
+            None => bail!("Failed to create participant"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[instrument(skip(self, meta, hackathon_id), err)]
+    pub async fn list_hackathon_participants(&self, meta: imphnen_libs::MetaRequestDto, hackathon_id: String) -> Result<imphnen_libs::ResponseListSuccessDto<Vec<super::hackathon_schema::HackathonParticipantSchema>>> {
+        let table = "app_hackathon_participants".to_string();
+        let normalized_hackathon_id = self.normalize_id("app_hackathons", &hackathon_id);
+
+        let builder = QueryListBuilder::new(&self.state.surrealdb_ws, &table, &meta)
+            .with_condition("is_deleted = false")
+            .with_condition(&format!("hackathon_id = type::thing('app_hackathons', '{}')", normalized_hackathon_id))
+            .select_fields(vec!["*"]);
+
+        let mut result = builder.build().await?;
+        // sort by created_at for deterministic results
+        result.data.sort_by_key(|s: &super::hackathon_schema::HackathonParticipantSchema| s.created_at.clone());
+        Ok(result)
+    }
 }

imphnen-hackathon/src/v1/hackathon/hackathon_schema.rs

@@ -66,16 +66,16 @@ pub struct HackathonTimelineSchema {
 pub struct HackathonSubmissionsSchema {
     pub id: Thing,
     pub hackathon_id: Thing,
-    pub team_id: Thing,
-    pub project_name: String,
-    pub description: String,
+    pub team_id: Option<Thing>,
+    pub project_name: Option<String>,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
     pub repository_url: Option<String>,
     pub demo_url: Option<String>,
     pub slides_url: Option<String>,
-    pub technologies: Vec<String>,
-    pub submission_status: SubmissionStatus,
+    pub technologies: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    pub submission_status: Option<SubmissionStatus>,
     pub judge_feedback: Option<String>,
-    pub submitted_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub submitted_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
     pub is_deleted: bool,
     pub created_at: Option<String>,
     pub updated_at: Option<String>,
@@ -186,6 +186,32 @@ pub enum SubmissionStatus {
     Rejected,
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct HackathonParticipantSchema {
+    pub id: Thing,
+    pub hackathon_id: Thing,
+    pub user_id: String,
+    pub is_deleted: bool,
+    pub created_at: Option<String>,
+    pub updated_at: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Default for HackathonParticipantSchema {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        HackathonParticipantSchema {
+            id: make_thing(
+                &"app_hackathon_participants".to_string(),
+                &surrealdb::Uuid::new_v4().to_string(),
+            ),
+            hackathon_id: Thing::from(("app_hackathons".to_string(), surrealdb::sql::Id::rand())),
+            user_id: String::new(),
+            is_deleted: false,
+            created_at: Some(get_iso_date()),
+            updated_at: Some(get_iso_date()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl Default for HackathonSchema {
     fn default() -> Self {
         HackathonSchema {
@@ -266,16 +292,16 @@ impl Default for HackathonSubmissionsSchema {
                 &surrealdb::Uuid::new_v4().to_string(),
             ),
             hackathon_id: Thing::from(("app_hackathons".to_string(), surrealdb::sql::Id::rand())),
-            team_id: Thing::from(("app_teams".to_string(), surrealdb::sql::Id::rand())),
-            project_name: String::new(),
-            description: String::new(),
+            team_id: Some(Thing::from(("app_teams".to_string(), surrealdb::sql::Id::rand()))),
+            project_name: Some(String::new()),
+            description: Some(String::new()),
             repository_url: None,
             demo_url: None,
             slides_url: None,
-            technologies: vec![],
-            submission_status: SubmissionStatus::Draft,
+            technologies: Some(vec![]),
+            submission_status: Some(SubmissionStatus::Draft),
             judge_feedback: None,
-            submitted_at: Utc::now(),
+            submitted_at: Some(Utc::now()),
             is_deleted: false,
             created_at: Some(get_iso_date()),
             updated_at: Some(get_iso_date()),

imphnen-hackathon/src/v1/hackathon/hackathon_service.rs

@@ -123,6 +123,19 @@ pub trait HackathonServiceTrait: Send + Sync + 'static {
         id: String,
         state: &AppState,
     ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<ResponseSuccessDto<String>, ErrorDto>> + Send>>;
+
+    // Participants
+    fn register_participant(
+        hackathon_id: String,
+        payload: super::hackathon_dto::RegisterParticipantRequestDto,
+        state: &AppState,
+    ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<ResponseSuccessDto<super::hackathon_dto::HackathonParticipantDto>, ErrorDto>> + Send>>;
+
+    fn list_participants(
+        meta: MetaRequestDto,
+        hackathon_id: String,
+        state: &AppState,
+    ) -> ListServiceFut<super::hackathon_dto::HackathonParticipantDto>;
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -981,4 +994,58 @@ impl HackathonServiceTrait for HackathonService {
             }
         })
     }
+
+    fn register_participant(
+        hackathon_id: String,
+        payload: super::hackathon_dto::RegisterParticipantRequestDto,
+        state: &AppState,
+    ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<ResponseSuccessDto<super::hackathon_dto::HackathonParticipantDto>, ErrorDto>> + Send>> {
+        let state = state.to_owned();
+        Box::pin(async move {
+            // Validate
+            if let Err((_, errors)) = imphnen_utils::validator::validate_request(&payload) {
+                return Err(ErrorDto { status: StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST.as_u16(), message: "Validation failed".to_string(), details: Some(serde_json::json!({ "validation_errors": errors })) });
+            }
+
+            let repo = HackathonRepository::new(&state);
+
+            // ensure hackathon exists
+            if repo.get_hackathon_by_id(hackathon_id.clone()).await.is_err() {
+                return Err(ErrorDto { status: StatusCode::NOT_FOUND.as_u16(), message: "Hackathon not found".to_string(), details: None });
+            }
+
+            match repo.create_hackathon_participant(hackathon_id, payload.user_id).await {
+                Ok(schema) => {
+                    let dto = super::hackathon_dto::HackathonParticipantDto::from(schema);
+                    Ok(ResponseSuccessDto { data: dto })
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    tracing::error!("Failed to register participant: {}", e);
+                    Err(ErrorDto { status: StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.as_u16(), message: "Failed to register participant".to_string(), details: None })
+                }
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn list_participants(
+        meta: MetaRequestDto,
+        hackathon_id: String,
+        state: &AppState,
+    ) -> ListServiceFut<super::hackathon_dto::HackathonParticipantDto> {
+        let state = state.to_owned();
+        Box::pin(async move {
+            let repo = HackathonRepository::new(&state);
+
+            match repo.list_hackathon_participants(meta, hackathon_id).await {
+                Ok(result) => {
+                    let dtos: Vec<super::hackathon_dto::HackathonParticipantDto> = result.data.into_iter().map(super::hackathon_dto::HackathonParticipantDto::from).collect();
+                    Ok(ResponseListSuccessDto { data: dtos, meta: result.meta })
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    tracing::error!("Failed to list participants: {}", e);
+                    Err(ErrorDto { status: StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.as_u16(), message: "Failed to list participants".to_string(), details: None })
+                }
+            }
+        })
+    }
 }

imphnen-iam/src/v1/teams/admin_teams_controller.rs

@@ -150,7 +150,8 @@ pub async fn update_team(
     Json(payload): Json<TeamsUpdateRequestDto>,
 ) -> impl IntoResponse {
     with_admin_perms(headers, Extension(state), move |claims, state| {
-        TeamsService::update_team(&state, claims, id, payload)
+        // Admin update should bypass leader-only restriction
+        TeamsService::update_team_admin(&state, claims, id, payload)
     }).await
 }
 
@@ -174,7 +175,7 @@ pub async fn delete_team(
     Path(id): Path<String>,
 ) -> impl IntoResponse {
     with_admin_perms(headers, Extension(state), move |claims, state| {
-        TeamsService::delete_team(&state, claims, id)
+        TeamsService::delete_team_admin(&state, claims, id)
     }).await
 }
 
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ pub async fn invite_team_members(
     Json(payload): Json<TeamInviteRequestDto>,
 ) -> impl IntoResponse {
     with_admin_perms(headers, Extension(state), move |claims, state| {
-        TeamsService::invite_team_members(&state, claims, team_id, payload)
+        TeamsService::invite_team_members_admin(&state, claims, team_id, payload)
     }).await
 }
 

imphnen-iam/src/v1/teams/teams_controller.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use crate::{
 	TeamMemberDto, TeamsSearchQueryDto, PublicTeamsListItemDto, PublicTeamsDetailItemDto,
 	AdminTeamsListItemDto, AdminTeamsDetailItemDto, PermissionsEnum
 };
+use super::super::teams::{TeamsRepository, TeamMembersSchema};
 use axum::response::Response;
 use axum::extract::Path;
 use axum::http::HeaderMap;
@@ -135,7 +136,104 @@ pub async fn put_update_team(
 	Path(id): Path<String>,
 	Json(payload): Json<TeamsUpdateRequestDto>,
 ) -> impl IntoResponse {
-	authenticated(headers, Extension(state), move |claims, state| TeamsService::update_team(&state, claims, id, payload)).await
+
+	// Try to treat this request as an admin first; if the caller has ManageAllTeams
+	// permission, route to the admin update. Otherwise fall back to normal authenticated
+	// update which enforces leader-only rules.
+	let state_clone = state.clone();
+	match crate::permissions_guard(headers.clone(), axum::Extension(state_clone.clone()), vec![PermissionsEnum::ManageAllTeams]).await {
+		Ok((claims, state)) => {
+			// Caller is admin
+			TeamsService::update_team_admin(&state, claims, id, payload).await
+		}
+		Err(_) => {
+			// Not admin - proceed with normal authenticated flow
+			authenticated(headers, Extension(state), move |claims, state| TeamsService::update_team(&state, claims, id, payload)).await
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+#[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
+pub struct AddTeamMemberRequestDto {
+	pub user_id: String,
+	pub role: Option<String>,
+}
+
+pub async fn post_add_team_member(
+	headers: HeaderMap,
+	Extension(state): Extension<AppState>,
+	Path(team_id): Path<String>,
+	Json(payload): Json<AddTeamMemberRequestDto>,
+) -> impl IntoResponse {
+	// Determine caller and whether they have admin permissions
+	let state_clone = state.clone();
+	let is_admin = crate::permissions_guard(headers.clone(), axum::Extension(state_clone.clone()), vec![PermissionsEnum::ManageAllTeams]).await.is_ok();
+
+	// Authenticate the caller (will return 401 if no token)
+	let auth = permissions_guard(headers, axum::Extension(state.clone()), vec![/* no specific perms */]).await;
+	let (claims, state) = match auth {
+		Ok((c, s)) => (c, s),
+		Err(response) => return response,
+	};
+
+	// Permission: admins can add anyone; otherwise only team leader or existing member can add
+	let repo = TeamsRepository::new(&state);
+	let thing_id = imphnen_utils::make_thing_from_enum(imphnen_libs::ResourceEnum::Teams, &team_id);
+	let team = match repo.query_team_by_id(&thing_id).await {
+		Ok(t) => t,
+		Err(_) => return crate::common_response(axum::http::StatusCode::NOT_FOUND, "Team not found"),
+	};
+
+	if !is_admin {
+		let user_thing = imphnen_utils::make_thing_from_enum(imphnen_libs::ResourceEnum::Users, &claims.user_id);
+		let is_member = repo.query_is_team_member(&thing_id, &user_thing).await.unwrap_or(false);
+		let is_leader = team.leader_id.id.to_raw() == claims.user_id;
+		if !is_member && !is_leader {
+			return crate::common_response(axum::http::StatusCode::FORBIDDEN, "Only team leader or members can add a member");
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Build member schema and add via repository
+	let member_schema = TeamMembersSchema::create(team_id.clone(), payload.user_id.clone(), payload.role.clone());
+	match repo.query_add_team_member(member_schema).await {
+		Ok(msg) => crate::success_response(crate::ResponseSuccessDto { data: msg }),
+		Err(e) => crate::common_response(axum::http::StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, &e.to_string()),
+	}
+}
+
+pub async fn delete_remove_team_member(
+	headers: HeaderMap,
+	Extension(state): Extension<AppState>,
+	Path((team_id, user_id)): Path<(String, String)>,
+) -> impl IntoResponse {
+	let state_clone = state.clone();
+	let is_admin = crate::permissions_guard(headers.clone(), axum::Extension(state_clone.clone()), vec![PermissionsEnum::ManageAllTeams]).await.is_ok();
+
+	let auth = permissions_guard(headers, axum::Extension(state.clone()), vec![]).await;
+	let (claims, state) = match auth {
+		Ok((c, s)) => (c, s),
+		Err(response) => return response,
+	};
+
+	let repo = TeamsRepository::new(&state);
+	let thing_id = imphnen_utils::make_thing_from_enum(imphnen_libs::ResourceEnum::Teams, &team_id);
+	let team = match repo.query_team_by_id(&thing_id).await {
+		Ok(t) => t,
+		Err(_) => return crate::common_response(axum::http::StatusCode::NOT_FOUND, "Team not found"),
+	};
+
+	if !is_admin {
+		// Only leader can remove members
+		if team.leader_id.id.to_raw() != claims.user_id {
+			return crate::common_response(axum::http::StatusCode::FORBIDDEN, "Only team leader can remove members");
+		}
+	}
+
+	let user_thing = imphnen_utils::make_thing_from_enum(imphnen_libs::ResourceEnum::Users, &user_id);
+	match repo.query_remove_team_member(&thing_id, &user_thing).await {
+		Ok(msg) => crate::success_response(crate::ResponseSuccessDto { data: msg }),
+		Err(e) => crate::common_response(axum::http::StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, &e.to_string()),
+	}
 }
 
 #[utoipa::path(
@@ -384,6 +482,8 @@ pub fn teams_router() -> Router {
 		.route("/accept/{token}", axum::routing::post(post_accept_invitation))
 		.route("/search", axum::routing::get(get_public_team_search))
 		.route("/{id}/members", axum::routing::get(get_team_members))
+			.route("/{id}/members", axum::routing::post(post_add_team_member))
+			.route("/{id}/members/{user_id}", axum::routing::delete(delete_remove_team_member))
 		.route("/{id}/leave", axum::routing::post(post_leave_team))
 		.route("/leave-me", axum::routing::post(post_leave_current_team))
 }

imphnen-iam/src/v1/teams/teams_dto.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,28 @@
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use surrealdb::sql::Thing;
 use utoipa::ToSchema;
-use validator::Validate;
+use validator::{Validate, ValidationError};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use regex::Regex;
+
+// Custom validator for Vec<String> of emails. We use a custom validator because
+// the `each = true` attribute is not supported by the project's validator
+// crate version. This keeps validation at the DTO level as required.
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref EMAIL_RE: Regex = Regex::new(r"^[^@\s]+@[^@\s]+\.[^@\s]+$").unwrap();
+}
+
+fn validate_member_emails(emails: &Vec<String>) -> Result<(), ValidationError> {
+    for email in emails {
+        if !EMAIL_RE.is_match(email) {
+            let mut err = ValidationError::new("invalid_email");
+            err.message = Some(Cow::from("Invalid email"));
+            return Err(err);
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
 use imphnen_entities::users::UsersDetailQueryDto;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, ToSchema, Validate)]
@@ -39,7 +60,8 @@ pub struct TeamsCreateRequestDto {
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
     pub github_url: Option<String>,
 
-    #[validate(length(min = 1, message = "Member emails cannot be empty"))]
+    #[serde(default)]
+    #[validate(custom(function = "validate_member_emails", message = "Invalid email in member_emails"))]
     pub member_emails: Vec<String>,
 }
 
@@ -83,6 +105,7 @@ pub struct TeamsUpdateRequestDto {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, ToSchema, Validate)]
 pub struct TeamInviteRequestDto {
     #[validate(length(min = 1, message = "Member emails cannot be empty"))]
+    #[validate(custom(function = "validate_member_emails", message = "Invalid email in member_emails"))]
     pub member_emails: Vec<String>,
 }
 
@@ -455,3 +478,5 @@ impl TeamsDetailQueryDto {
         }
     }
 }
+
+// (previous custom validator removed; using validator::email(each = true) attribute)

imphnen-iam/src/v1/teams/teams_service.rs

@@ -29,8 +29,11 @@ pub trait TeamsServiceTrait: Send + Sync + 'static {
 	fn get_public_team_by_id(state: &AppState, id: String) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>>;
 	fn create_team(state: &AppState, claims: imphnen_libs::jsonwebtoken::Claims, new_team: TeamsCreateRequestDto) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>>;
 	fn update_team(state: &AppState, claims: imphnen_libs::jsonwebtoken::Claims, id: String, team: TeamsUpdateRequestDto) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>>;
+	fn update_team_admin(state: &AppState, claims: imphnen_libs::jsonwebtoken::Claims, id: String, team: TeamsUpdateRequestDto) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>>;
 	fn delete_team(state: &AppState, claims: imphnen_libs::jsonwebtoken::Claims, id: String) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>>;
+	fn delete_team_admin(state: &AppState, claims: imphnen_libs::jsonwebtoken::Claims, id: String) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>>;
 	fn invite_team_members(state: &AppState, claims: imphnen_libs::jsonwebtoken::Claims, team_id: String, invite: TeamInviteRequestDto) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>>;
+	fn invite_team_members_admin(state: &AppState, claims: imphnen_libs::jsonwebtoken::Claims, team_id: String, invite: TeamInviteRequestDto) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>>;
 	fn accept_invitation(state: &AppState, claims: imphnen_libs::jsonwebtoken::Claims, accept: TeamAcceptInvitationRequestDto) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>>;
 	fn get_team_members(state: &AppState, claims: imphnen_libs::jsonwebtoken::Claims, team_id: String) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>>;
 	fn leave_team(state: &AppState, claims: imphnen_libs::jsonwebtoken::Claims, team_id: String) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>>;
@@ -128,7 +131,7 @@ impl TeamsServiceTrait for TeamsService {
 	fn get_team_by_id(state: &AppState, id: String) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>> {
 		let state = state.to_owned();
 		Box::pin(async move {
-			if Uuid::parse_str(&id).is_err() {
+			if id.trim().is_empty() {
 				return common_response(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "Invalid Team ID format");
 			}
 			let repo = TeamsRepository::new(&state);
@@ -195,7 +198,7 @@ impl TeamsServiceTrait for TeamsService {
 	fn get_member_team_by_id(state: &AppState, id: String) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>> {
 		let state = state.to_owned();
 		Box::pin(async move {
-			if Uuid::parse_str(&id).is_err() {
+			if id.trim().is_empty() {
 				return common_response(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "Invalid Team ID format");
 			}
 			let repo = TeamsRepository::new(&state);
@@ -303,7 +306,7 @@ impl TeamsServiceTrait for TeamsService {
 	fn get_public_team_by_id(state: &AppState, id: String) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>> {
 		let state = state.to_owned();
 		Box::pin(async move {
-			if Uuid::parse_str(&id).is_err() {
+			if id.trim().is_empty() {
 				return common_response(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "Invalid Team ID format");
 			}
 			let repo = TeamsRepository::new(&state);
@@ -416,7 +419,7 @@ impl TeamsServiceTrait for TeamsService {
 						"failed_emails": failed_invites
 					});
 
-					success_response(ResponseSuccessDto { data: response_data })
+					imphnen_utils::success_created_response(ResponseSuccessDto { data: response_data })
 				}
 				Err(err) => {
 					error!("Failed to create team: {}", err);
@@ -434,7 +437,7 @@ impl TeamsServiceTrait for TeamsService {
 	) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>> {
 		let state = state.to_owned();
 		Box::pin(async move {
-			if Uuid::parse_str(&id).is_err() {
+			if id.trim().is_empty() {
 				return common_response(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "Invalid Team ID format");
 			}
 
@@ -450,7 +453,9 @@ impl TeamsServiceTrait for TeamsService {
 				Err(_) => return common_response(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND, "Team not found"),
 			};
 
+			// Allow update if requester is leader
 			if current_team.leader_id.id.to_raw() != claims.user_id {
+				// Not leader; deny here (admin endpoints should use update_team_admin)
 				return common_response(StatusCode::FORBIDDEN, "Only team leader can update team");
 			}
 
@@ -470,6 +475,45 @@ impl TeamsServiceTrait for TeamsService {
 		})
 	}
 
+	fn update_team_admin(
+		state: &AppState,
+		_claims: imphnen_libs::jsonwebtoken::Claims,
+		id: String,
+		team: TeamsUpdateRequestDto,
+	) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>> {
+		let state = state.to_owned();
+		Box::pin(async move {
+			if id.trim().is_empty() {
+				return common_response(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "Invalid Team ID format");
+			}
+
+			if let Err((status, message)) = validate_request(&team) {
+				return common_response(status, &message);
+			}
+
+			let repo = TeamsRepository::new(&state);
+			let thing_id = make_thing_from_enum(ResourceEnum::Teams, &id);
+			let current_team = match repo.query_team_by_id(&thing_id).await {
+				Ok(team) => team,
+				Err(_) => return common_response(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND, "Team not found"),
+			};
+
+			let updated_team = TeamsSchema {
+				id: current_team.id,
+				leader_id: current_team.leader_id,
+				is_active: current_team.is_active,
+				is_deleted: current_team.is_deleted,
+				created_at: current_team.created_at,
+				..TeamsSchema::default()
+			}.update(team);
+
+			match repo.query_update_team(updated_team).await {
+				Ok(msg) => common_response(StatusCode::OK, &msg),
+				Err(e) => common_response(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, &e.to_string()),
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
 	fn delete_team(
 		state: &AppState,
 		claims: imphnen_libs::jsonwebtoken::Claims,
@@ -477,7 +521,7 @@ impl TeamsServiceTrait for TeamsService {
 	) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>> {
 		let state = state.to_owned();
 		Box::pin(async move {
-			if Uuid::parse_str(&id).is_err() {
+			if id.trim().is_empty() {
 				return common_response(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "Invalid Team ID format");
 			}
 
@@ -500,6 +544,31 @@ impl TeamsServiceTrait for TeamsService {
 		})
 	}
 
+	fn delete_team_admin(
+		state: &AppState,
+		_claims: imphnen_libs::jsonwebtoken::Claims,
+		id: String,
+	) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>> {
+		let state = state.to_owned();
+		Box::pin(async move {
+			if id.trim().is_empty() {
+				return common_response(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "Invalid Team ID format");
+			}
+
+			let repo = TeamsRepository::new(&state);
+			let thing_id = make_thing_from_enum(ResourceEnum::Teams, &id);
+			let _team = match repo.query_team_by_id(&thing_id).await {
+				Ok(team) => team,
+				Err(_) => return common_response(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND, "Team not found"),
+			};
+
+			match repo.query_delete_team(id).await {
+				Ok(msg) => common_response(StatusCode::OK, &msg),
+				Err(e) => common_response(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, &e.to_string()),
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
 	fn invite_team_members(
 		state: &AppState,
 		claims: imphnen_libs::jsonwebtoken::Claims,
@@ -508,7 +577,7 @@ impl TeamsServiceTrait for TeamsService {
 	) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>> {
 		let state = state.to_owned();
 		Box::pin(async move {
-			if Uuid::parse_str(&team_id).is_err() {
+			if team_id.trim().is_empty() {
 				return common_response(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "Invalid Team ID format");
 			}
 
@@ -584,6 +653,80 @@ impl TeamsServiceTrait for TeamsService {
 		})
 	}
 
+	fn invite_team_members_admin(
+		state: &AppState,
+		claims: imphnen_libs::jsonwebtoken::Claims,
+		team_id: String,
+		invite: TeamInviteRequestDto,
+	) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>> {
+		let state = state.to_owned();
+		Box::pin(async move {
+			if team_id.trim().is_empty() {
+				return common_response(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "Invalid Team ID format");
+			}
+
+			if let Err((status, message)) = validate_request(&invite) {
+				return common_response(status, &message);
+			}
+
+			let repo = TeamsRepository::new(&state);
+			let users_repo = UsersRepository::new(&state);
+			let thing_id = make_thing_from_enum(ResourceEnum::Teams, &team_id);
+			let team = match repo.query_team_by_id(&thing_id).await {
+				Ok(team) => team,
+				Err(_) => return common_response(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND, "Team not found"),
+			};
+
+			let mut successful_invites = Vec::new();
+			let mut failed_invites = Vec::new();
+
+			for email in invite.member_emails {
+				let existing_user = users_repo.query_user_by_email(email.clone()).await.ok();
+				let is_existing_user = existing_user.is_some();
+				let token = Self::generate_invitation_token().await;
+				let invitation = TeamInvitationsSchema::create(
+					team_id.clone(),
+					email.clone(),
+					claims.user_id.clone(),
+					token.clone(),
+				);
+
+				match repo.query_create_invitation(invitation).await {
+					Ok(_) => {
+						let inviter_user = match users_repo.query_user_by_id(&make_thing_from_enum(ResourceEnum::Users, &claims.user_id)).await {
+							Ok(user) => user,
+							Err(_) => return common_response(StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "Failed to get inviter user information"),
+						};
+						if let Err(e) = Self::send_invitation_email(
+							&team.name,
+							&inviter_user.fullname,
+							&email,
+							&token,
+							is_existing_user,
+						).await {
+							error!("Failed to send invitation email to {}: {}", email, e);
+							failed_invites.push(email);
+						} else {
+							successful_invites.push(email);
+						}
+					}
+					Err(e) => {
+						error!("Failed to create invitation for {}: {}", email, e);
+						failed_invites.push(email);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			let response_data = json!({
+				"invitations_sent": successful_invites.len(),
+				"invitations_failed": failed_invites.len(),
+				"failed_emails": failed_invites
+			});
+
+			success_response(ResponseSuccessDto { data: response_data })
+		})
+	}
+
 	fn accept_invitation(
 		state: &AppState,
 		claims: imphnen_libs::jsonwebtoken::Claims,
@@ -667,7 +810,7 @@ impl TeamsServiceTrait for TeamsService {
 	) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>> {
 		let state = state.to_owned();
 		Box::pin(async move {
-			if Uuid::parse_str(&team_id).is_err() {
+			if team_id.trim().is_empty() {
 				return common_response(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "Invalid Team ID format");
 			}
 
@@ -725,7 +868,7 @@ impl TeamsServiceTrait for TeamsService {
 	) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>> {
 		let state = state.to_owned();
 		Box::pin(async move {
-			if Uuid::parse_str(&team_id).is_err() {
+			if team_id.trim().is_empty() {
 				return common_response(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "Invalid Team ID format");
 			}
 
@@ -794,7 +937,7 @@ impl TeamsServiceTrait for TeamsService {
 	fn get_admin_team_by_id(state: &AppState, id: String) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>> {
 		let state = state.to_owned();
 		Box::pin(async move {
-			if Uuid::parse_str(&id).is_err() {
+			if id.trim().is_empty() {
 				return common_response(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "Invalid Team ID format");
 			}
 			let repo = TeamsRepository::new(&state);
@@ -844,7 +987,7 @@ impl TeamsServiceTrait for TeamsService {
 	fn get_admin_team_members(state: &AppState, team_id: String) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Response> + Send>> {
 		let state = state.to_owned();
 		Box::pin(async move {
-			if Uuid::parse_str(&team_id).is_err() {
+			if team_id.trim().is_empty() {
 				return common_response(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "Invalid Team ID format");
 			}
 			let repo = TeamsRepository::new(&state);